A newly devised electric field screen for avoidance and capture of cigarette beetles and vinegar flies

A bifunctional electric field screen was proposed to physically exclude insect pests from warehouses. The screen consists of insulated iron wires (ICW) arranged in parallel and two earthed conductor nets placed on both sides of the ICW. A negative charge (0.1-8.0 kV) was applied to the insulated wires with a voltage generator to polarize an insulator sleeve used to cover the wire, negatively on the outer surface and positively on the inner conductor wire surface of the sleeve. The negative surface charge of the ICW caused an electrostatic induction in the earthed nets and an opposite charge on the net surfaces facing the ICW. An electric field formed in a space between the ICW and the earthed net, and the field strength increased in direct proportion to increasing voltages applied to the ICW. Adults of the test insects (cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) and vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster)) reaching the outer surface of the earthed net were deterred from entering the inside of the charged screen, whereas all insects immediately passed through the screen when the ICW was not charged. This avoidance was directly proportional to the increase in the voltage. In addition, the capability of the screen to capture insects that enter inside the screen was proven by introducing insects into the space between the ICW and the earthed net. Strong capture was observed when the ICW was negatively charged with more than 4.1 kV, under which conditions a short-term electric current (peaking at 0.3-0.6 μA, for 3 min) occurred transiently. This electric current was due to the release of electricity from the insects, giving a net overall positive charge to the insects, which therefore were attracted more strongly to the negatively charged ICW. A test using an attractant-set chamber showed that the insects were completely prevented from passing through the charged screen, in contrast to a rapid transfer of all insects when the screen was not charged. Thus, the present results show that the described screen is a promising physical tool for controlling insect pests in warehouses.     

A review and synthesis of bird and rodent damage estimates to select California crops

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the magnitude of bird and rodent damage to 19 economically important crops in California. Interviews with agriculture experts provided additional information about damages. Monte Carlo simulations were used to derive summary estimates of damages to each crop. A meta-analysis indicated that summary damage estimates from expert interviews were higher than estimates from field studies and surveys. It was also found that there has been a downward trend over time in damages to almonds and grapes. The results of our study indicate that damages from bird and rodents remain high for many crops and are likely to be economically significant within the state of California.     

海南省茶树害虫名录

采用田间调查和室内饲养相结合的方法,对海南省儋州、白沙、琼中(岭头、新伟)、五指山等茶场的茶树害虫种类进行系统调查。根据调查结果,共鉴定海南省茶树害虫(螨)100种,分属于蜚蠊目、等翅目、鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目、直翅目、缨翅目、蜱螨目共10目40科,并记述了每种害虫的分布及为害情况。     

《果树害虫及防治》教学改革的探讨与实践

分析了植物保护专业的《果树害虫及防治》课程教学中存在的问题,提出了相应的教学改革方案,并分析了已取得的成效,以期为教学改革提供参考。     

Ecologically Based Strategies for Pest Control in Grassland Ecosystems

The researches were carried out in 2007, 2008 and 2009 at Cluj-Napoca （Romania）, in laboratory and field conditions （grassland ecosystems）, in four experiments. Our purpose was to study and use some ecological pest control methods based on indirect and direct strategies： （1） the harmful fauna monitoring in grassland ecosystems and useful fauna identification （by visual control, manually collecting, striking method on a tarpaulin）; （2） the use of some physico-mechanical and biotechnical methods （use of barriers-vessels, repellents, attractant traps-alimentary, visual） to control the pests. The researches concerning the indirect strategies, carried out from Mars 2007 to September 2009. There were identified 28 pest species and 29 useful ones. The direct strategies to control the pests consisted of 3 experiments. The use of colored traps with water （August 2008） on a meadow with ryegrass and clover, in 6 variants （white, silver, orange, green, blue and red） ＋ control （yellow）, recorded a very good efficacy at all variants excepting the red trap （variant 6）. The use of repellents （August 2008）, absinth decoction （against aphids and ants）, bracken extract （against aphids and snails）, common tansy decoction （against ants and soil pests） and kaolinite （against a large amount of pests）, recorded good results removing the pests. The attractant traps with alimentary baits （beer）, meant the use of 10 vessels on a 1000 m2 area, which captured 200 slugs （August 2009）. All three methods recorded a good efficacy against the pests.     

泡桐栽植与管理技术探析

从栽植方法、抚育管理以及病虫害防治等方面,介绍了泡桐丰产栽培的技巧。     

中国柞树主要害虫名录(Ⅱ)

记述了我国有关鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)钩蛾科(Drepanidae)、尺蛾科(Geometridae)、蓑蛾科(Psychidae)、鹿蛾科(Amati-dae)、枯叶蛾科(Lasiocampidae)、家蚕蛾科(Bombycidae)、大蚕蛾科(Saturniidae)、天蛾科(Sphingoidae)共8个科的柞树主要害虫80种,分别介绍了害虫的中文名称、学名、寄主种类及主要分布区域,为有效控制尺蛾类、枯叶蛾类等柞树主要害虫的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

Open geospatial technology standards and their potential in plant pest risk management—GPS-enabled mobile phones utilising open geospatial technology standards Web Feature Service Transactions support the fighting of fire blight in Norway

The threat posed by invasive alien species to global crop production and biodiversity is recognized as one of the major drivers of global change today. Here we report on a successful implementation and operational use of new technology to support risk- and crisis management in the case of fighting an invasive plant disease. The open geospatial standards Web Feature Service Transaction (WFS-T) was implemented in software for GPS-enabled mobile phones communicating with a GeoServer backend in order to track down and eradicate disease outbreaks and susceptible host plants. This new technology offering georeferenced events online from field provides new possibilities for real time action in risk and crisis management.     

衡阳水稻病虫害特点及其与气象相关性研究

对衡阳水稻病虫害特点及其与气象相关性进行研究,结果表明,衡阳虫害发生面积是病害的近4倍,而病害的危害严重程度是虫害的2倍以上;虫害与病害所造成的减产损失分别为57.83%和42.17%;夏季强降水有利于病虫害的发生;随着气候变暖,低温天气对当地虫害越冬的抑制作用在减弱,而对迁徙性害虫的影响微乎其微;高温高湿天气有利于纹枯病的发生和蔓延,中、晚稻破口至抽穗期如遇高温干旱天气,则不利于稻曲病的发生。     

园艺植物病虫害防治课程教学改革初探

为适应园艺专业教学的需要,笔者经多年的教学实践,对园艺植物病虫害防治课程理论教学和夷践教学进行了一系列改进：修定教学计划,强化了实践性教学环节;编写教材、实验实习指导书、实践课实验实习指导书等教学材料,突出对应用性内容的教学和指导;改革考试方式,制定出科学合理的操作技能考核标准。同时,进一步改变教学观念,改进教学手段和教学方法,提高学生学习兴趣,注重学生实践能力的培养。